Rising Concerns: The Growing Impact of Cannabis Hyperemesis Syndrome

As the use of marijuana continues to become more widespread, a concerning illness linked to frequent cannabis consumption is also on the rise. Understanding Cannabis Hyperemesis Syndrome (CHS) What is known as Cannabinoid Hyperemesis Syndrome, or CHS, is an increasingly debilitating condition affecting a small but growing number of chronic marijuana users. Those suffering from CHS often experience relentless nausea and vomiting, occurring up to 20-24 times a day. The symptoms can persist for days or even weeks, proving difficult to manage, with the only relief often coming from a hot shower or bath. Identifying the Symptoms According to the National Library of Medicine, doctors have defined the following criteria for diagnosing CHS: - Prolonged cannabis use, typically daily - Recurrent cycles of nausea and vomiting - Relief from symptoms upon cessation of marijuana use - Alleviation of symptoms through hot showers or baths - Abdominal pain Ironically, while marijuana is commonly used to address symptoms similar to those of CHS, recent data from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration suggests that marijuana may help in managing pain, anorexia, nausea, and vomiting. The Phases of CHS Connecticut state’s Adult Cannabis Use website outlines three phases of CHS: - Prodromal phase: Characterized by nausea and vomiting following long-term cannabis consumption, leading some individuals to increase cannabis intake to alleviate symptoms - Hyperemetic phase: Triggered by heightened cannabis use, resulting in escalated nausea, abdominal discomfort, and vomiting - Recovery phase: Symptoms may gradually subside over several weeks post cessation of cannabis use, only to resurface upon resuming consumption Unraveling the Causes Although the root causes of CHS remain largely unknown, experts like Dr. Sushrut Jangi from Tufts Medical Center have suggested that the endocannabinoid system, responsible for regulating essential bodily functions, could be a contributing factor. Dr. Jangi explains that prolonged cannabis use leads to changes in receptors in the brain and gut that bind to THC, the psychoactive component in cannabis, potentially triggering CHS. He estimates that between 5% to 20% of chronic marijuana users may experience CHS. The Surge in Marijuana Consumption A recent survey revealed that the number of daily marijuana users in the U.S. has surpassed daily alcohol consumers for the first time. With an estimated 17.7 million people reporting daily or near-daily marijuana use in 2022, this marks a considerable increase compared to decades prior. Additionally, the Justice Department has proposed reclassifying marijuana as a less harmful substance, moving it from a Schedule I to a Schedule III drug, alongside compounds like ketamine. Addressing Addiction Concerns While marijuana use disorder is acknowledged to exist, the likelihood of experiencing severe negative consequences is notably lower compared to other substances. Data from the FDA indicates that a smaller percentage of marijuana users meet the criteria for substance use disorder than heroin users. Furthermore, the prevalence of abuse and substance use disorders tends to decrease with age, as outlined by FDA data. Navigating Withdrawal Symptoms Users who opt to cease cannabis consumption may encounter various withdrawal symptoms, including feelings of anxiety, anger, and depression, difficulty relaxing, fatigue, insomnia, concentration issues, chills, shaking, night sweats, headaches, stomach discomfort, and decreased appetite. The rising concerns surrounding CHS and marijuana use shed light on the importance of understanding and addressing the potential risks associated with frequent cannabis consumption.